جَثَا and جَثَى (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) aor. ـُ and ـِ, inf. n. جُثُوُّ and جُثِىُّ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) He sat upon his knees; (Ḳ, TA;) for the purpose of contention or disputation, or the like: (TA:) or جثا [and جثى] he kneeled; put himself in a kneeling posture; which is the mode of sitting of him who is contending or disputing: (AZ, Ḥar p. 512:) [or he put down his knees upon the ground and raised his buttocks; i. e. he kneeled with his body and thighs erect, or nearly so: see جَاثٍ:] and جَثَا لِرُكْبَتِهِ he fell [upon his knee]; and جَثَوْا لِلرُّكَبِ [they fell upon the knees, and sank backwards so as to rest the body upon the keels or upon the left foot bent sideways beneath; for] جُثُوٌّ is the manner of sitting of the مُتَشَهِّد [in prayer]: (Ḥam p. 287:) or جَثَا, (Ḳ, TA,) inf. n. جَثْوٌ and جُثُوٌ, (TA,) he stood upon the extremities of his toes; (Ḳ;) like جَذَا; from which AO reckons it to be formed by substitution [of ث for ذ]; but IJ says that they are two dial. vars. (TA.) Aboo-Thumámeh says,

* أُخَاصِمُهُمْ مَرَّپً قَائِمًا *

* وَأَجْثُو إِذَا مَا جَثَوْا لِلرُّكَبْ *

[I contending, or disputing, with them one time standing, and falling upon my knees when they fell upon their knees]. (Ḥam p. 287.)

جَثَوْتُ, (Ṣgh, Ḳ,) inf. n. جَثْوٌ; (TA;) and جَثَيْتُ, (Ṣgh, Ḳ,) inf. n. جَثْىٌ; (TA;) I collected camels, and sheep or goats. (Ṣgh, Ḳ.)

جَاثَيْتُ رُكْبَتِى إِلَى رُكْبَتِهِ, (Ḳ, and so in some copies of the Ṣ,) or جَاثَيْتُهُ رُكْبَتِى إِلَى رُكْبَتِهِ, (so in other copies of the Ṣ,) [I sat, or sat with him, with my knee to his knee, each of us sitting upon his knees, in contending or disputing: see 1]: and جَاثَيْتُهُ alone, (Ṣ voce حَاضَرْتُهُ,) [signifies the same,] inf. n. مُجَاثَاةٌ (Ḳ and TA voce مُحَاَضرَةٌ) [and جِثَآءٌ: see also 6].

اجثاهُ (Ṣ, Ḳ) He made him to sit upon his knees: [see 1:] or he made him to stand upon the extremities of his toes. (Ḳ.)

تَجَاثَوْا عَلَى الرُّكَب [They sat together upon their knees], (Ṣ, Ḳ,) in contending or disputing; inf. n. مُجَاثَاةٌ and جِثَآءٌ, which are [properly inf. ns. of 3, but are] thus used as inf. ns. of a verb to which they do not conform. (TA.)

التَّجَاثِى فِى إِشَالَةِ الحَجَرِ is like التَّجَاذِ ى [The vying, one with another, in lifting the stone, for trial of strength]. (TA.)

جُثًا, or جُثًى, [pl. of جُثْوَةٌ, q. v.]

[Also] A company, or congregated body, of men; (TA;) or so جَثْوَةٌ↓ (Bḍ in xlv. 27) [orجُثْوَةٌ↓]: and companies, or congregated bodies, thereof. (TA.) It has the former meaning in a trad., where it is said, يَصِيرُونَ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ جُثًا كُلُّ أُمَّةٍ تَتْبَعُ نَبِيَّهَا [They shall become, on the day of resurrection, a company, or congregated body, each people following its prophet: or here the pl. meaning is more reasonable]: and the latter in the trad., فُلَانٌ مِنْ جُثَى جَهَنَّمَ [Such a one is of the companies, or congregated bodies, of Hell, or Hellfire], accord. to one recital: otherwise, مِنْ جُثِىِّ↓ جَهَنَّمَ of those that sit upon the knees therein. (TA.)

الجُثَا is also said to have been A certain idol, to which sacrifices were performed. (TA.)

جُثْوَةٌ andجِثْوَةٌ↓ andجَثْوَةٌ↓ Stones collected together: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or the stones of earth collected together like the [mound over a] grave: and the first, a hillock: or a heap of earth: (TA:) or collected earth: (Ḥam p. 399:) or a quantity collected of earth, &c.: (Ḥam p. 381:) and (hence, Ḥam p. 381) a grave: (TA, Ḥam pp. 381 and 399:) pl. جُثًا, (TA, Ḥam p. 399,) or جُثْى. (Ḥam ib.) It is said in a trad., رَأَيْتُ قُبُورَ الشُّهَدَآءِ جُثًا I saw the tombs of the martyrs [to be] collections of earth. (TA.) And جُثَى الحَرَمِ (pl. of جُثْوَةٌ, TA) and جِثَى الحَرَمِ (pl. ofجِثْوَةٌ↓, TA) signify What are collected, in the sacred territory, of the stones of the جِمَار [or pebbles cast at Minè]: (Ṣ:) or this is a mistake; (Ḳ;) pointed out by Ṣgh in the TṢ: (TA:) the meaning is, what are collected together of the stones that are set [in heaps] at the limits of the sacred territory: or the أَنْصَاب [or stones set up around the Kaabeh] upon which victims were slain in sacrifice. (Ḳ, TA.)

Also i. q. جَذْوَةٌ [A live coal; or piece of fire;, &c.]: (Ḳ:) or so جَثْوَةٌ↓ andجَثْوَةٌ↓: (TA:) or جثوةٌ مِنْ نَارٍ: (Fr, TA:) asserted by Yaạḳoob to be formed by substitution [of ث for ذ]. (TA.)

And The middle [of a thing]. (IAạr, Ḳ, TA: but omitted in the CK and in a MṢ. copy of the Ḳ.)

And The body, with the limbs or members; syn. جَسَدٌ: (Ḳ:) or so جُثْوَةٌ: pl. جُثًى. (Sh, TA.)

And جُثْوَةٌ, A great, or large, man. (ISh, TA.)

See also جُثًا.

جَثَآءٌ i. q. شَخْصٌ [app. as meaning A person; or the body of a man, like جُثْوَةٌ and جُثَّةٌ]; as alsoجُثَآءٌ↓. (Ṣgh, Ḳ.)

[And hence, perhaps,] Incubus, or nightmare. (TA. [But in this sense it is written in the TA جثا, without ء, and without any syll. sign.])

Also i. q. جَزَآءٌ [Requital, or compensation]. (Ḳ.)

And Quantity, measure, size, bulk, or extent; and amount, sum, or number, (Ḳ, TA,) as, for instance, of a people, or company of men. (TA.)

جَاثٍ Sitting upon his knees: or standing upon the extremities of his toes: (Ḳ:) and [simply] sitting: or [kneeling with his body and thighs erect, or nearly so; i. e.] putting down his knees [upon the ground] and raising his buttocks: (TA:) [see also 1, of which it is the part. n.:] pl. جُثِىٌ and جِثِىٌّ; (Ḳ;) or these may be pls., like بُكىٌّ and بكىٌ, pls. of بَاك; or inf. ns. used as epithets [as is indicated in the Ṣ]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) You say قَوْمٌ جُثِىٌّ [A company of men sitting upon their knees]; (Ṣ, Mṣb;) like as you say جَلَسَ جُلُوسًا and قَوْمٌ جُلُوسٌ. (Ṣ.) And hence, in the Ḳur [xix. 73], وَنَذَرُ الظَّالِمِينَ فِيهَا جُثِيًّا, and جِثِيًّا also, with kesr to the ج because of the kesr of the letter following it, [And we will leave the wrongdoers therein, sitting upon their knees.] (Ṣ.) And فُلَانٌ مِنْ جُثِىِّ جَهَنَّمَ: see جُثًا. (TA.) And, in the Ḳur [xlv. 27], وَتَرَى كُلَّ أُمَّةٍ جَاثِيَةً (TA) And thou shalt see every people sitting upon the knees, (Bḍ, Jel,) in an upright posture, not at ease: (Bḍ:) or congregated; (Bḍ, Jel;) from جَثْوَةٌ signifying “a company,” or “congregated body.” (Bḍ.) Whence, (TA,) سُورَةُ الجَاثِيَةِ The [forty-fifth] chapter, of the Ḳur-án, next after that called الدُّخَان. (Ṣ, TA.)

[الجَاثِى, or الجَاثِى عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ, † The constellation Hercules.]

[مَجْثًى A place of sitting upon the knees.]